The maximum normalized lift for a rotating cylinder is 1.5. ![]() The maximum standard lift coefficient for a fixed wing without flaps in steady flow is around 1.5, yet for a rotating cylinder it may exceed 9.0, a value that implies that a rotating cylinder generates nearly 6 times the maximum lift of a wing. We compare the normalized lift with the previously-reported values of lift coefficient for a rotating cylinder in Magnus effect, a bat during hovering and forward flight, and a hovering dipteran. The normalized lift is the same as the standard lift coefficient for fixed wings, but differs for wings with more complex motions it also accounts for such complex motions explicitly and without complex modifications or adjustments. This reinterpreted coefficient, the normalized lift, is derived from the work-energy theorem and compares the lifting capabilities of dissimilar lift systems on a similar energy footing.
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